Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Winsor Green YS Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Winsor Green YS (yellow shade) watercolor is a transparent “primary” green with a much warmer temperature than Winsor Green BS. It is a saturated, intense, staining color.

It is one of the “greens” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

winsor green ys watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTIC

Winsor Green YS watercolor is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Winsor Green YS watercolor can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH WINSOR GREEN YS WATERCOLOR

Add Winsor Yellow to Winsor Green YS to mix a variety of lighter warmer green colors. Or, add Winsor Blue GS for darker green colors.

Mix Winsor Green YS watercolor with Carmine to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Alizarin Crimson.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Winsor Green YS

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Winsor Green YS

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Hooker’s Green Light Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Hooker’s Green Light watercolor is a transparent green with a warmer temperature and more yellow than Hooker’s Green, and it is a more saturated, intense, staining color.

It is one of the “greens” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

hookers green light watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTIC

Hooker’s Green Light watercolor is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Hooker’s Green Light watercolor can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH HOOKER’S GREEN LIGHT WATERCOLOR

Hooker’s Green Light is a manufactured semi-neutral earth color. Subdued atmospheric color mixtures can be achieved by combining it with the complementary color, Cobalt Violet.

Mix Hooker’s Green Light watercolor with Cobalt Violet to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Winsor Violet.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Hooker’s Green Light

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Hooker’s Green Light

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Permanent Green #1 Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Permanent Green #1 watercolor is a transparent yellow-green that has a warm temperature in comparison to other green colors. It is similar to Permanent Green Light, but it is a more saturated, intense, staining color.

It is one of the “greens” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

permanent green #1 watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTIC

Permanent Green #1 watercolor is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Permanent Green #1 watercolor can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH PERMANENT GREEN #1 WATERCOLOR

Add Winsor Yellow to Permanent Green #1 watercolor for a lighter, warmer green. Or, add Winsor Green BS for a darker, cooler green mixture.

Mix Permanent Green #1 watercolor with red-violet colors – Winsor Violet or Permanent Magenta – to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Violet.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Permanent Green #1

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Permanent Green #1

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Winsor Green BS (Blue Shade) Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Winsor Green BS (blue shade) watercolor is a transparent green with a cooler temperature than Winsor Green YS (yellow shade). It is Winsor & Newton’s equivalent of phthalo green and is an indispensable near-primary green.

Winsor Green BS is similar in color to Hooker’s Green from the transparent non-staining category, but it is a more saturated, intense, transparent staining color.

It is one of the “greens” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

winsor green bs watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTIC

Winsor Green BS watercolor is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Winsor Green BS watercolor can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH WINSOR GREEN BS WATERCOLOR

Winsor Green BS watercolor, like phthalo green, is used in beautiful clear glazes and mixtures of a variety of browns, greens, grays, and luminous blacks.

Add Winsor Yellow to Winsor Green BS to mix a variety of lighter warmer green colors. Or, add Winsor Blue GS for darker green colors.

Mix Winsor Green BS with one of these reds – Winsor Red, Carmine, or Alizarin Crimson – to create interesting transparent gray and black colors.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Winsor Green BS

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Winsor Green BS

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Winsor Blue RS (Red Shade) Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Winsor Blue RS (red shade) watercolor is a transparent blue with a warmer temperature than Winsor Blue GS (green shade). It is Winsor & Newton’s equivalent of phthalo blue and is an indispensable near-primary blue.

Winsor Blue RS is similar in color to Cyanine Blue from the semi-transparent non-staining category, but it is a more saturated, intense, transparent staining color.

It is one of the “blues” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

winsor blue rs watercolor thumbnail

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Winsor Blue RS is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Winsor Blue RS can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH WINSOR BLUE RS WATERCOLOR

Winsor Blue RS wets, mixes, stains, and dries like a phthalo blue which has interesting results when mixed with other primary colors.

Add Winsor Yellow or Winsor Red to Winsor Blue RS to mix a variety of transparent staining green and purple colors that are clear and vibrant.

Mix Winsor Blue RS with an orange mixture of Winsor Yellow plus Winsor Red to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Yellow Deep plus Winsor Red.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Winsor Blue RS

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Winsor Blue RS

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Winsor Blue GS (Green Shade) Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Winsor Blue GS (green shade) watercolor is a transparent blue with a cooler temperature than Winsor Blue RS (red shade). It is Winsor & Newton’s equivalent of phthalo blue and is an indispensable near-primary blue.

Winsor Blue GS is similar in color to Cyanine Blue from the semi-transparent non-staining category, but it is a more saturated, intense, transparent staining color.

It is one of the “blues” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Winsor Blue GS is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Winsor Blue GS can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH WINSOR BLUE GS WATERCOLOR

Winsor Blue GS wets, mixes, stains, and dries like a phthalo blue which has interesting results when mixed with other primary colors.

Add Winsor Yellow or Winsor Red to Winsor Blue GS to mix a variety of transparent staining green and purple colors that are clear and vibrant.

Mix Winsor Blue GS with an orange mixture of Winsor Yellow plus Winsor Red to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Yellow Deep plus Winsor Red.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Winsor Blue GS

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Winsor Blue GS

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Indanthrene Blue Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Indanthrene Blue watercolor is a transparent primary blue with a warmer temperature than most blues similar in color to French Ultramarine, but it is a more saturated, intense, staining color.

It is one of the “blues” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

indanthrene blue watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Indanthrene Blue is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Indanthrene Blue can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH INDANTHRENE BLUE WATERCOLOR

Indanthrene Blue wets, mixes, stains, and dries like a phthalo blue which has interesting results when mixed with other primary colors.

Add Winsor Yellow or Winsor Red to Indanthrene Blue to mix a variety of transparent staining green and purple colors that are clear and vibrant.

Mix Indanthrene Blue with an orange mixture of Winsor Yellow plus Winsor Red to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Yellow Deep plus Winsor Red.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Indanthrene Blue

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Indanthrene Blue

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Permanent Violet Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Permanent Violet watercolor is a transparent purple with a warmer temperature, redder in color than Winsor Violet or Permanent Mauve, and it is a more saturated, intense, staining color.

It is one of the “violets (purple color)” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

permanent violet thumbnail

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Permanent Violet is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Permanent Violet can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH PERMANENT VIOLET WATERCOLOR

Add Winsor Green BS to Permanent Violet to mix a variety of brown colors that appear delicate and filled with light.

Mix Winsor Yellow with Permanent Violet to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Yellow Deep.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Permanent Violet

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Permanent Violet

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Winsor Violet Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Winsor Violet watercolor is a transparent purple with a warm temperature similar in color to Permanent Mauve, but it is a more saturated, intense, staining color.

It is one of the “violets (purple color)” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

winsor violet watercolor thumbnail

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Winsor Violet is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Winsor Violet can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH WINSOR VIOLET WATERCOLOR

Add Winsor Green BS to Winsor Violet to mix a variety of brown colors that appear delicate and filled with light.

Mix Winsor Yellow with Winsor Violet to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Yellow Deep.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Winsor Violet

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Winsor Violet

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Alizarin Crimson Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Alizarin Crimson watercolor is a transparent red with a color temperature that leans toward cool. It is a saturated, intense, staining color but its durability and permanency rating is low.

Alternative color substitutes that have higher permanency ratings than Alizarin Crimson are Carmine or Rose Madder Genuine. Or try Permanent Alizarin Crimson by Winsor & Newton made from a mixture of PV19-Quinacridone Violet and PR179-Perylene Maroon pigments.

Alizarin Crimson is one of the “reds” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

alizarin crimson watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Alizarin Crimson is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Alizarin Crimson can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH ALIZARIN CRIMSON WATERCOLOR

Add Winsor Yellow or Permanent Yellow Deep or Winsor Blue (phthalo blue) to Alizarin Crimson to mix a variety of orange and purple colors.

Mix Alizarin Crimson with Permanent Green #1 or Winsor Green YS to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Winsor Green BS or Hooker’s Green Light.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Alizarin Crimson

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Alizarin Crimson

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Carmine Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Carmine watercolor is a transparent red with a color temperature that leans toward cool. It is similar in color to Alizarin Crimson, but is a more durable, saturated, intense, staining color.

It is one of the “reds” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

carmine watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Carmine is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Carmine can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH CARMINE WATERCOLOR

Add Winsor Yellow or Permanent Yellow Deep or Winsor Blue (phthalo blue) to Carmine to mix a variety of orange and purple colors.

Mix Carmine with Permanent Green #1 or Winsor Green YS to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Winsor Green BS or Hooker’s Green Light.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Carmine should be applied only in a saturated wash, especially for creating dark flesh tones and earth-tone mixtures resembling olive green, siennas, and umbers.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Carmine

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Carmine

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Winsor Red Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Winsor Red (thalo red) watercolor is a transparent red with a cool temperature similar in color to Permanent Red and Quinacridone Red, but it is a more saturated, intense, staining color.

It is one of the “reds” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Winsor Red is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Winsor Red can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH WINSOR RED WATERCOLOR

Add Winsor Yellow or Permanent Yellow Deep or Winsor Blue (phthalo blue) to Winsor Red (thalo red) to mix a variety of orange and purple colors.

Mix Winsor Red with Permanent Green #1 or Winsor Green YS to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Winsor Green BS or Hooker’s Green Light.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Use Winsor Red as a transparent under-glaze in areas intended to be dark, such as shadows in a landscape. Colors painted over it will have more life and warmth.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Winsor Red

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Winsor Red

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

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Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Permanent Yellow Deep Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Permanent Yellow Deep watercolor is a warm transparent yellow similar in color to Cadmium Orange thinned to a relatively transparent state.

It is one of the “yellows” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

permanent yellow watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Permanent Yellow Deep is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Permanent Yellow Deep can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH PERMANENT YELLOW DEEP WATERCOLOR

Add Winsor Red (thalo red) or Winsor Blue (phthalo blue) or Winsor Green (phthalo green) to Permanent Yellow Deep to mix a variety of orange and green colors.

Mix Permanent Yellow Deep with Winsor Violet to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Violet.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Permanent Yellow Deep

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Permanent Yellow Deep

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Winsor Yellow Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Winsor Yellow watercolor is a clear, transparent yellow with a cool temperature similar in color to Cadmium Yellow Light, the lightest color on the color wheel.

It is one of the “yellows” in the transparent staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors in its category.

winsor yellow watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, transparent staining watercolors range in value from 10% light to a maximum of 90% dark.

gray scale value finder

Colors in the transparent staining category can portray intensity and dark values without becoming muddy and are adequate for a full palette except for where opacity is desired.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Winsor Yellow is a supersaturated, stronger color than watercolors in the non-staining category and more restraint is required when mixing or glazing it with other watercolors.

Transparent staining watercolors will stain the fibers of the paper they are applied to, and stain, overpower and dull non-staining watercolors they are mixed with.

For the best results, Winsor Yellow can be glazed and mixed with colors in the transparent staining watercolor category.

COLOR MIXING WITH WINSOR YELLOW WATERCOLOR

Add Winsor Red (thalo red) or Winsor Blue (phthalo blue) or Winsor Green (phthalo green) to Winsor Yellow to mix a variety of orange and green colors.

Mix Winsor Yellow with Winsor Violet to create interesting mid-value transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Violet.

Transparent staining watercolors can be layered one over another, wet over bone dry, successfully as long as the number of layers and density is controlled.

Before applying a layer of color from another category, use the transparent staining watercolor as the first layer.

Interesting textures and effects can be achieved by painting opaque colors over a layer of transparent staining watercolor and allowing some of the staining color to peek through using various lifting methods.

Semi-opaque or opaque colors are composed of coarser pigments that are stained and discolored when mixed with transparent staining watercolors. So, they are the least successful combinations.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended transparent staining watercolor for mixing grays with Winsor Yellow

… in addition to the above list of colors, the following transparent staining watercolors are best for glazing or color mixing with Winsor Yellow

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Green Gold Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Green Gold watercolor is a vibrant glowing spring green color as seen in flower stems, leaves, and grasses lighted or backlit by the sun.

It is one of the “yellow greens” in the semi-transparent non-staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors.

green gold watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, semi-transparent non-staining watercolors are generally mid-light in value ranging from 20% to a maximum of 80% value.

gray scale value finder

So, the colors in the semi-transparent non-staining category are adequate for a mid-tone palette, except for where darker passages require colors with values higher on the gray scale.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Green Gold is slightly more opaque than transparent non-staining watercolors and requires more restraint to remain luminous when mixing with other colors.

Semi-transparent non-staining watercolors have similar characteristics to transparent non-staining watercolors, but with a wider range of colors to add to a palette.

Green Gold can be layered in several glazes using other semi-transparent non-staining watercolors if each layer is allowed to dry thoroughly before applying the next layer.

COLOR MIXING WITH GREEN GOLD WATERCOLOR

For a variety of green colors, add Green Gold to Sap Green, Viridian, or Hooker’s Green to lighten them. Or add a touch of these green colors to Green Gold to darken it.

Mix Green Gold with Permanent Magenta to create interesting mid-value semi-transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Mauve.

Green Gold can also be successfully mixed with watercolors in both the transparent and semi-transparent non-staining categories.

It also makes beautiful, luminous washes when glazed with the other watercolors in the transparent non-staining category.

Mixed with semi-opaque or opaque colors, it will create a combination that is cleaner and more transparent than using only opaque colors.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended semi-transparent non-staining watercolor for mixing grays with Green Gold

… also the transparent non-staining category of watercolors for glazing or color mixing with Green Gold

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Sap Green Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Sap Green watercolor is a warm green color similar to Hooker’s Green Light, but it is less transparent and will not stain other colors it is mixed with.

It is one of the “yellow greens” in the semi-transparent non-staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors.

sap green watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, semi-transparent non-staining watercolors are generally mid-light in value ranging from 20% to a maximum of 80% value.

gray scale value finder

So, the colors in the semi-transparent non-staining category are adequate for a mid-tone palette, except for where darker passages require colors with values higher on the gray scale.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Sap Green is slightly more opaque than transparent non-staining watercolors and requires more restraint to remain luminous when mixing with other colors.

Semi-transparent non-staining watercolors have similar characteristics to transparent non-staining watercolors, but with a wider range of colors to add to a palette.

Sap Green can be layered in several glazes using other semi-transparent non-staining watercolors if each layer is allowed to dry thoroughly before applying the next layer.

COLOR MIXING WITH SAP GREEN WATERCOLOR

For interesting greens or glowing reds, try mixing Sap Green with Alizarin Crimson or Carmine, earth colors such as Raw Sienna or Burnt Sienna, and yellows such as Aureolin or New Gamboge.

Mix red-violet watercolors such as Permanent Magenta or Cobalt Violet with Sap Green to create interesting mid-value semi-transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Permanent Mauve.

Sap Green can also be successfully mixed with watercolors in both the transparent and semi-transparent non-staining categories.

It also makes beautiful, luminous washes when glazed with the other watercolors in the transparent non-staining category.

Mixed with semi-opaque or opaque colors, it will create a combination that is cleaner and more transparent than using only opaque colors.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended semi-transparent non-staining watercolor for mixing grays with Sap Green

… or for a semi-opaque gray mixture use

… also the transparent non-staining category of watercolors for glazing or color mixing with Sap Green

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Antwerp Blue Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Antwerp Blue watercolor is the darkest tonal value blue in its category of watercolors, it is blue-green similar in color to turquoise and has a sensational granular texture.

It is one of the three “blues” in the semi-transparent non-staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors.

antwerp blue watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, semi-transparent non-staining watercolors are generally mid-light in value ranging from 20% to a maximum of 80% value.

gray scale value finder

So, the colors in the semi-transparent non-staining category are adequate for a mid-tone palette, except for where darker passages require colors with values higher on the gray scale.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Antwerp Blue is slightly more opaque than transparent non-staining watercolors and requires more restraint to remain luminous when mixing with other colors.

Semi-transparent non-staining watercolors have similar characteristics to transparent non-staining watercolors, but with a wider range of colors to add to a palette.

Antwerp Blue can be layered in several glazes using other semi-transparent non-staining watercolors if each layer is allowed to dry thoroughly before applying the next layer.

COLOR MIXING WITH ANTWERP BLUE WATERCOLOR

Add yellows such as Aureolin or New Gamboge and reds such as Permanent Rose or Vermilion to Antwerp Blue to mix a variety of green and purple colors.

Mix Antwerp Blue with a red-orange color such as Quinacridone Burnt Scarlet to create interesting mid-value semi-transparent gray colors. For a more opaque gray mixture, use Cadmium Red Medium.

Antwerp Blue can also be successfully mixed with watercolors in both the transparent and semi-transparent non-staining categories.

It also makes beautiful, luminous washes when glazed with the other watercolors in the transparent non-staining category.

Mixed with semi-opaque or opaque colors, it will create a combination that is cleaner and more transparent than using only opaque colors.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended semi-transparent non-staining watercolor for mixing grays with Antwerp Blue

… or for an opaque gray mixture use

… also the transparent non-staining category of watercolors for glazing or color mixing with Antwerp Blue

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Cyanine Blue Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Cyanine Blue watercolor is similar to phthalo blue in hue and tonal value, but it is less transparent and not a staining color.

It is one of the three “blues” in the semi-transparent non-staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors.

cyanine blue watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, semi-transparent non-staining watercolors are generally mid-light in value ranging from 20% to a maximum of 80% value.

gray scale value finder

So, the colors in the semi-transparent non-staining category are adequate for a mid-tone palette, except for where darker passages require colors with values higher on the gray scale.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Cyanine Blue is slightly more opaque than transparent non-staining watercolors and requires more restraint to remain luminous when mixing with other colors.

Semi-transparent non-staining watercolors have similar characteristics to transparent non-staining watercolors, but with a wider range of colors to add to a palette.

Cyanine Blue can be layered in several glazes using other semi-transparent non-staining watercolors if each layer is allowed to dry thoroughly before applying the next layer.

COLOR MIXING WITH CYANINE BLUE WATERCOLOR

Add yellows such as Aureolin or New Gamboge and reds such as Permanent Rose or Vermilion to Cyanine Blue to mix a variety of green and purple colors.

Mix Cyanine Blue with an orange mixture of New Gamboge plus Vermilion to create interesting mid-value semi-transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Quinacridone Burnt Orange.

Cyanine Blue can also be successfully mixed with watercolors in both the transparent and semi-transparent non-staining categories.

It also makes beautiful, luminous washes when glazed with the other watercolors in the transparent non-staining category.

Mixed with semi-opaque or opaque colors, it will create a combination that is cleaner and more transparent than using only opaque colors.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended semi-transparent non-staining watercolor for mixing grays with Cyanine Blue

… also the transparent non-staining category of watercolors for glazing or color mixing with Cyanine Blue

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Support me on BuyMeACoffee. Thanks!

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Prussian Blue Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Prussian Blue watercolor is similar to phthalo blue in hue and tonal value, but it is less transparent and not a staining color.

It is one of the three “blues” in the semi-transparent non-staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors.

prussian blue watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, semi-transparent non-staining watercolors are generally mid-light in value ranging from 20% to a maximum of 80% value.

gray scale value finder

So, the colors in the semi-transparent non-staining category are adequate for a mid-tone palette, except for where darker passages require colors with values higher on the gray scale.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Prussian Blue is slightly more opaque than transparent non-staining watercolors and requires more restraint to remain luminous when mixing with other colors.

Semi-transparent non-staining watercolors have similar characteristics to transparent non-staining watercolors, but with a wider range of colors to add to a palette.

Prussian Blue can be layered in several glazes using other semi-transparent non-staining watercolors if each layer is allowed to dry thoroughly before applying the next layer.

COLOR MIXING WITH PRUSSIAN BLUE WATERCOLOR

Add yellows such as Aureolin or New Gamboge and reds such as Permanent Rose or Vermilion to Prussian Blue to mix a variety of green and purple colors.

Mix Prussian Blue with an orange mixture of New Gamboge plus Vermilion to create interesting mid-value semi-transparent gray colors. For a darker gray, mix it with Quinacridone Burnt Orange.

Prussian Blue can also be successfully mixed with watercolors in both the transparent and semi-transparent non-staining categories.

It also makes beautiful, luminous washes when glazed with the other watercolors in the transparent non-staining category.

Mixed with semi-opaque or opaque colors, it will create a combination that is cleaner and more transparent than using only opaque colors.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended semi-transparent non-staining watercolor for mixing grays with Prussian Blue

… also the transparent non-staining category of watercolors for glazing or color mixing with Prussian Blue

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

Categories
Color Mixing Watercolor Paint Characteristics

Permanent Mauve Watercolor – Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing

Permanent Mauve watercolor is similar in color to Cobalt Violet, a semi-opaque color, but its transparency differs in that it is semi-transparent and darker in tone.

It is the “purple” in the semi-transparent non-staining watercolor palette used for the glazing technique and mixing with other colors.

permanent mauve watercolor thumbnail
Click image to watch video on YouTube

Measured against a gray scale value finder, semi-transparent non-staining watercolors are generally mid-light in value ranging from 20% to a maximum of 80% value.

gray scale value finder

So, the colors in the semi-transparent non-staining category are adequate for a mid-tone palette, except for where darker passages require colors with values higher on the gray scale.

PAINT CHARACTERISTICS

Permanent Mauve is slightly more opaque than transparent non-staining watercolors and requires more restraint to remain luminous when mixing with other colors.

Semi-transparent non-staining watercolors have similar characteristics to transparent non-staining watercolors, but with a wider range of colors to add to a palette.

Permanent Mauve can be layered in several glazes using other semi-transparent non-staining watercolors if each layer is allowed to dry thoroughly before applying the next layer.

COLOR MIXING WITH PERMANENT MAUVE WATERCOLOR

Add Opera Rose to Permanent Mauve to mix a variety of lighter pink-purple colors. Or, add Permanent Magenta to mix a redder purple color.

Mix Permanent Mauve with yellow watercolors such as Aureolin or New Gamboge to create interesting mid-value semi-transparent gray colors.

Permanent Mauve can also be successfully mixed with watercolors in both the transparent and semi-transparent non-staining categories.

It also makes beautiful, luminous washes when glazed with the other watercolors in the transparent non-staining category.

Mixed with semi-opaque or opaque colors, it will create a combination that is cleaner and more transparent than using only opaque colors.

Purchase watercolor paints using my affiliate links below:

… and the recommended semi-transparent non-staining watercolor for mixing grays with Permanent Mauve

… also the transparent non-staining category of watercolors for glazing or color mixing with Permanent Mauve

To learn more about transparent watercolors, click the link to my blog post “Which watercolor paints are transparent.”

See my YouTube playlist “Watercolor Paint Characteristics & Color Mixing” for more videos. And, subscribe to my YouTube channel.

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